ADHD

Effective Therapies for ADHD
"Children with ADHD usually need more than one type of treatment to meet their needs. Medication and/or behavior management training for parents and teachers have been shown to be most effective. Additionally, your child’s doctor or a psychiatrist can prescribe medicine. Psychologists, counselors, and social workers can help with the child’s behavior. You can also talk to your child’s teacher, school counselor, or school psychologist about support for your child at school."

Behavioral approaches and organizational interventions are the most effective non-medical, evidence-based therapies for children and adolescents with ADHD.

These include:
•Behavioral parent training (BPT)
•Behavioral classroom management (BCM)
•Behavioral peer interventions (BPI)
•Combined behavior management interventions
•Organization training

The chart below includes more information on the different forms of evidence-based child and adolescent therapies for ADHD. These therapies have been tested by researchers and clinical child and adolescent psychologists, and ranked based on the evidence that shows how effective they have been in the treatment of ADHD.

Tested Behavioral Therapies for Children and Adolescents
https://effectivechildtherapy.org/therapies/what-is-behavior-therapy/

Level One: Works Well
•Behavioral interventions (any combination) •BPT •BCM •BPI •Organization training
  Level Two: Works
 •Combined training interventions
  Level Three: Might Work
 •Neurofeedback training
  Level Four: Unknown/Untested
•Cognitive training
  Level Five: Tested and Does Not Work
•Social skills training

Therapies and Terms Defined:
•BPT: behavioral parent training
•BCM: behavioral classroom management
•BPI: behavioral peer interventions

Source: Evans, S., Owens, J., & Bunford, N. Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2013.850700
https://effectivechildtherapy.org/concerns-symptoms-disorders/disorders/inattention-and-hyperactivity-adhd/#effective-treatments

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

  • Behavioral Classroom Management BCM uses contingency management strategies, including teacher-implemented reward programs, time-out procedures and daily report cards. Clinicians or parents work with teachers to develop a plan.
  • Behavioral Parent Training (BPT) BPT teaches the parent to implement contingency management strategies similar to BCM techniques at home.
  • Intensive Behavioral Peer
  • Intervention (BPI) Intensive BPI is conducted in recreational settings, such as Summer Treatment Programs (STPs) have demonstrated.
MEDICATIONS
  • Stimulant: Amphetamine,
  • Dextroamphetamine
  • Stimulant Dexmethylphenidate,
  • Methylphenidate
  • Alpha2-adrenergic Agonists:
  • Clonidine Guanfacine

  • Short-acting: Adderall, Dexedrine, Procentra
  • Long-acting: Dexedrine Spansule, Adderall XR, lisdexamfetamine
  • Atomoxetine (Strattera) is unique in its ability to act on the brain’s norepinephrine transporters without carrying other medications’ risk for addiction.
  • Kapvay, Intuniv.


What Does Not Work
  • Cognitive, psychodynamic, client- centered
  • Office-based social skills training
  • Traditional talk therapies and play therapy have been demonstrated to have little to no effect on ADHD symptoms.
  • Neither once-weekly individual nor group office-based training have demonstrated significant improvement in social skills. (However, intensive group social skills training that uses behavioral interventions is considered well-established.)
  • Dietary Interventions
  • Other Medications
  • Interventions include elimination of food additives, elimination of allergens/sensitivities, and use of nutritional supplements.
  • Bupropion (i.e., Wellbutrin), imipramine (i.e., Tofranil), nortriptyline (i.e., Pamelor, Aventil).

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